Although many neuropsychologists attempt to avoid ethical dilemmas at all costs, encountering ethical issues is to be expected in the competent practice of neuropsychology. This presentation will focus on key ethical issues faced by neuropsychologists in rehabilitation practice and research settings. I will address issues related to protecting the welfare of rehabilitation research participants including assignment to active and ‘placebo’ arms of rehabilitation trials, the selection and measurement of appropriate outcomes, informed consent in decisionally impaired patients, and decisions to terminate participation in research. From a practice perspective, issues related to matching patients to appropriate treatments, managing disruptive or harmful behavior, and addressing conflicts arising between the patient and family members affected by neuropsychological disability. The presentation will begin by introducing a framework for ethical decision-making, and the major topical areas described above will be illustrated with hypothetical case scenarios. Using an interactive format, participants will be encouraged to consider and assess the efficacy of alternative resolutions to ethical challenges.