This presentation will update participants on the most recent understanding of neuropsychological and functional outcomes after moderate/severe traumatic brain injury and their biopsychosocial determinants, all from a lifespan perspective. The goal will be to expand beyond traditional, blunt injury severity categories to consider phenotypes that better explain the heterogeneity of outcomes following injury. To do so, acute medical profiles, including imaging findings, will first be reviewed, with an emphasis on the appreciation for the role of non-injury factors in outcomes in subsequent periods post injury. These non-injury factors range from ancestry and social determinants, to early life experiences that form the nervous system’s response to adversity, the quality of personal/social networks, as well as to a wide range of comorbid conditions. This discussion will set the stage for an introduction to rehabilitation approaches, both individually and on a community level.